The rivalry between Athens and Sparta defined ancient Greece and culminated in epic battles during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE). Athens, with its powerful navy and democratic ideals, clashed with Sparta, known for its formidable land army and militaristic society. Key battles, such as the Battle of Marathon and the Sicilian Expedition, highlighted their contrasting strategies: Athens focused on maritime supremacy, while Sparta excelled in land warfare. Despite significant victories and te