Abstract: This paper focuses on a closed-loop production planning and inventory control problem commonly encountered in the real manufacturing practice. We firstly present a deterministic model for ...

With the X4 xDrive35i engine-upgrade model no longer available, leaving the new-for-2016 BMW X4 M40i as the sole six-cylinder model in the lineup. The M Sport package for the X4 xDrive28i gets a ...

Coming off a midcycle refresh last year, the 2022 BMW 5 Series returns with minimal changes. The 5 Series has been on sale for nearly 50 years, and it was once revered for combining luxury with ...

Abstract: Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a widely known NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problem. This paper presents a proposal of a memetic algorithm (MA) with simulated annealing (SA) as ...