I don't know how many audits I have conducted over the last 20 years, but I know it is in the hundreds. One of the areas that I have found hardest to assess as an auditor is the hazard assessment ...

Process hazards analysis (PHA) studies, especially hazards and operability (HAZOP) studies and layer of protection analysis (LOPA) reports are ubiquitous in the process industries, but the information ...

Keywords: Extreme events. Hazard mitigation. Organizational responses. Decision-making models. Transaction cost economic theory. Institutional theory. Regulatory ...