Heat has always been something we thought we understood. From baking bread to running engines, the idea seemed simple: heat spreads out smoothly, like water soaking through a sponge. That simple ...

A schematic illustration of the biochemical heat engine model that achieves maximum power while approaching Carnot efficiency. The left panel shows the two-state engine, where the higher energy state ...

So long as the mild heat or cold source is present, it will run. It was invented in 1816 by Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman and engineer, as an alternative to steam engines, which, ...

We propose a recipe for demonstrating an autonomous quantum heat engine where the working fluid consists of a harmonic oscillator, the frequency of which is tuned by a driving mode. The working fluid ...

Scientists in Sweden experimentally evaluated a Stirling engine–based Carnot battery (SECB) prototype using low-cost sand as thermal energy storage, aiming to validate ...

According to holography, a black hole is dual to a thermal state in a strongly coupled quantum system. One of the best-known examples of holography is the Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory ...