Medically reviewed by Jeffrey S. Lander, MD Key Takeaways S1 and S2 are the normal heart sounds you hear when the heart ...

A third heart sound, or S3, is a low-frequency, extra heart sound that may be heard with a stethoscope right after the normal S1 and S2 heart sounds. S1 and S2 are the "lub-dub" sounds of a heartbeat ...

Midsystolic murmurs — also known as systolic ejection murmurs, or SEM — include the murmurs of aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and atrial septal defects. A ...

My rationale for beginning at the mitral area is to compare the auscultatory findings with those previously obtained by percussion and palpation (see Nonauscultatory Cardiac Exam: Assessing the ...