Signals operating in the radio frequency (RF) realm between 3 kHz to 300 GHz are an inherent part of processing by circuit components within and outside an IC. Linear characteristics of RF circuits ...

S-parameters, or scattering parameters, have become the de facto standard for describing the electrical properties of interconnects. They are one of the few concepts that bridge the worlds of the ...

The PAN files for PVsyst integrate most characteristics of PV modules that are necessary for energy yield prediction under different climatic conditions. Image: Lightsource bp. With numerous markets ...

The basic requirement is that the response from a system or circuit must occur after the stimulus has been applied and not before. Failure to satisfy this requirement can cause errors ranging from ...