PMOS transistors are less vulnerable to substrate noise since they’re placed in separate wells; designers implement guard rings to attenuate the substrate noise propagation. However, substrate noise ...

To design a 2-stage, single-ended op-amp with PMOS inputs with the following design specifications. The first stage is a differential pair with a current mirror load. The second stage is a common ...

Many single-supply operational amplifiers are capable of rail-to-rail input operation, if they have the proper input circuitry to support this function. This article is an expansion of the blog post ...

As analog engineers, it’s tempting to fantasize about one day coming close to designing the ideal operational amplifier we encountered in college: infinite bandwidth, zero output resistance, and so on ...