Iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron, dominate the modern world, and there's growing demand for iron-derived products. Traditionally, blast furnaces transform iron ore into purified ...

The blast furnace remains the cornerstone of high‐volume ironmaking, utilising complex thermal and chemical reactions to reduce iron oxides into molten iron. Contemporary operations place increasing ...

Steel has underpinned modern life for centuries, but it comes at an expensive cost. The industry is responsible for nearly 7 ...

A team of Chinese researchers has developed a new iron-making technology that can complete smelting in as little as three ...

Ancient copper smelters in Georgia may have accidentally paved the way for the Iron Age, providing new insights into human ...