How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

Proteins are essential biological molecules that perform a vast array of functions crucial for life, from catalyzing ...

You don't want to miss this! To permanently access this eBook for free, fill out the short form below. From being a promising yet underexplored approach in the 1990s, mRNA therapeutics have evolved ...

When the molecular machinery in our cells gets to work transcribing the genetic information encoded in DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), it pauses shortly after starting. Known as promoter-proximal ...

Molecular biologists have long believed that the beginning of a gene launched the process of transcription—the process by which a segment of DNA is copied into RNA and then RNA helps make the proteins ...

We’re celebrating 180 years of Scientific American. Explore our legacy of discovery and look ahead to the future. In 1957, just four years after Francis Crick and other scientists solved the riddle of ...

The discovery of chemical modifications to overcome mRNA’s instability and immunotoxicity have enabled mRNA therapeutics to evolve dramatically, reaching clinical trials and the forefront of modern ...

September 23, 2025 / Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ:APDN) ("Applied DNA" or the "Company"), a biotechnology company focused on providing nucleic acid production solutions for the biopharmaceutical ...