Both treaty law and customary international law are sources of international law. Treaties, such as the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, are written conventions in which states formally establish ...

Customary international law is made up of rules that come from "a general practice accepted as law" and that exist independent of treaty law. Customary international humanitarian law (IHL) is of ...

Several African countries have, over recent years, started recognising traditional justice mechanisms operating alongside the formal justice system. In some settings, customary courts are formally ...

Traditional justice mechanisms are among Ethiopia’s most enduring alternative dispute resolution avenues. They are rooted in indigenous systems that predate the formal judiciary and provide accessible ...